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The
Magnificent, the Ugly and the Folly
of the Summer Palace
The
reign of Emperor Qian Long (1736 –
1795) was a watershed in the Qing
Dynasty. By 1775, China became the
most wealthy and populous empire covering
approximately 12 million sq. km. Qian
Long chose to retire after 60 years
on the throne to show his respect
to his beloved grandfather Kang Xi,
who ruled for 61 years. They were
the most successful emperors in the
history of the Qing Dynasty.
His interest in the patronage of the
arts earned him the reputation of
a great Chinese emperor. Like Kang
Xi, Qian Long was genuine lover of
Chinese classics. He also appreciated
the Jesuits’ superior knowledge
in the field of architecture and valued
them for their artistic skills. In
1747, he commissioned the Jesuits
to build and design his summer palace
to be used for his personal sanctuary.
The resulting Summer Palace was a
unique blend of European and Chinese
architectures. It was also known as
the Yuan Ming Yuan
After Emperor Qian Long’s death
in 1799, Emperors Jia Qing, Dao Guang,
Xian Feng, Tong Zhi continued the
ruling of the great empire respectively;
each becoming less efficient than
his predecessor. This was clearly
indicated in the Feng Shui analysis
of the Emperor Qian Long’s burial
ground. The strong environmental structures
and landforms helped continuing the
lineage through the generations but
each weakened with the positioning
of his tomb on the death and emptiness
line. This clearly demonstrated that
location superseded direction.
Emperor Xian Feng, the fourth son
of Emperor Dao Guang, ascended to
the throne at an early age of 20,
inheriting a crumbling empire that
was rent by Tai Ping Rebellion. Inexperience
and incompetent, he retired to the
Summer Palace. It was looted in 1860
during the Anglo-French revenge and
the pillage ended with a fire raging
through the Palace. The Emperor escaped
to the summer resort at Jehol and
died in 1861.
His last contribution to the great
empire was from his concubine Cixi
who, upon his deathbed, placed her
young son, Tong Zhi on the throne
and dominated the last half-century
of the Imperial rule from behind the
iron curtain. Reacting against her
domination, he began visiting brothels
while his drinking undermined his
health. He apparently died of sexual
diseases in 1874. Emperor Guang Xu
succeeded him in1887
Made Empress Dowager, Cixi became
the second great woman ruler in Chinese
Imperial history. Rapacious and extravagant,
Cixi embezzled funds earmarked for
the Imperial Navy into her ambitious
expansion and reconstruction plan
of the Summer Palace to cater for
her indulgence in which she later
resided. She later imprisoned Emperor
Guang Xu in the Summer Palace when
he was betrayed trying to support
a group of reformers led by Kang Yuwei.
However she failed in her quest to
maintain the empire through the support
of the Boxer Rebellion against the
foreigners’ invasion. She died
aged 73 from a stroke in 1908, a day
after the death of Emperor Guang Xu.
Puyi, the three-year-old great nephew
was made heir but was later made a
puppet emperor of Manchuria under
the Japanese occupation. He died a
gardener in 1967 under the People’s
Republic of China.
The fall of the empire can be seen
through the analysis of the feng shui
of the Summer Palace. Plundered by
the eight powers in the 1900s, a full
scale restoration work lasted 10 years
was ordered by Empress Dowager Cixi
when she took up residence in the
Summer Palace in 1903. The restoration
made the East Palace Gate the main
entrance to the Palace. She renamed
it Yihe Yuan.
With a history of 800 years, the Palace
was built to celebrate Emperor Qian
Long’s mother, Xiao Sheng’s
birthday. Located 15 km. to the northwest
of Beijing, it consisted of the main
North Palace and the smaller East
Palace. Originally built on a north-south
axis with the Longevity Hill to the
back and Kunming Lake to the front,
the expansion of the East Palace caused
the structural facing to change to
the west towards a protruding pagoda.
This signified the clash of the gates
of the Sun and Moon indicating sexual
indulgences and diseases as in the
case of Emperor Tong Zhi. It also
caused the central axis of the Palace
to shift into the massive Kunming
Lake, which is a feng shui taboo.
The long walkway between the Palaces
formed a constrictor in which the
qi flow was constrained and hence
the quality of the qi circulation
within the Palaces was greatly reduced.
With the change in the structural
facing, we observed also that the
Longevity Hill became part of the
right embrace commonly known as the
white tiger formation signifying women
dominance. The left embrace representing
male dominance completely disappeared.
Originally built in 1750, the Hall
of Dispelling Clouds was built with
a garden to include an ingenious water
clock flanked by 12 fountains in the
form of the zodiac animals with a
pair of huge bronze lions fronting
the entrance to ward off all evils.
In the other halls were sculptures
of dragons, phoenixes and Qilins installed
for their protection and good fortune.
Little did they know that these were
of no feng shui significance.
Though The Tower of Fragrance of Buddha
on the Longevity Hill was built on
the main mountain vein, the slope
was too steep and good qi was gushed
into the lake without first gathering
at the foothills. It made any bright
hall redundant. Though there was a
man-made feature symbolizing the tortoise
guarding the water exit at the far
front, there were no table mountains
high enough there to stop and contain
the qi.
From a mighty warrior to that of a
gardener, such is the power of Luan
Tou Feng Shui.
...............................................................................................................
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encountered. Advice provided
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MASTER
VIN LEO
A Master graduate and instructor
with Mastery Academy, Vin is a certified
practitioner who specialized in
Bazi
and Xuan Kong
studies. He is also trained in Luan
Tou Feng Shui or commonly
known as Landform Classifications.
[ more
on Master Vin
] |
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